This study composes of 269 patients, 98 cases military trauma and 271 cases non-military or civilian trauma. In the 50 percent of military cases the INTERVAL between trauma and surgical procedure was less than 8 hours. In this condition because of surgical failure for 3 cases limb amputation were performed and in the remaining cases the results of surgery were successful. In 18 cases (22.8%) where INTERVAL was between 8-12 hours, in 8 cases amputation were performed and finally in the remaining cases by debridement of muscle necrosis, the limb was salvaged. The results of surgical procedure in order to limb salvage were satisfactory. In about 25.15 percent of cases, the INTERVAL between trauma and surgical procedure was over 8 hours, in which 10 patients under go amputation and in the remaining by fasciotomy and debridement the limbs salvaged but with some sensory and motor disturbance. In conclusion, the indications for arterial repair after 8 hours from trauma are as follow absence of extensive skin necrosis, normal kidney function, absence of fracture or muscle necrosis in site of arterial injury, presence of adequate soft tissue for coverage of arterial graft or repair, and absence of air in tissue or crepitating. In absence of these indications, limb salvage will be failure and amputation should be performed with out delay

Modelling phenomena with INTERVAL differential equations (IDEs) is an effective way to consider the uncertainties that are unavoidable when collecting data. Similarly to the theory of ordinary differential equations, IDEs have been parallelly investigated with the INTERVAL difference equations from the beginning. These two branches can be regarded as one when unifying continuous and discrete solution domains. A conspicuous advantage when merging these areas is that the proof of several analogous properties in both theories need not be repeated. The paper provides a common and efficient tool for studying IDEs not only with continuous or discrete solution domains but also with more general ones. We propose the diamond-$\alpha$ derivative for INTERVAL-valued functions (IVFs) on TIME scales with respect to the generalized Hukuhara difference. Differently from most of the studies on the derivatives of functions on TIME scales, using the language of epsilon-delta, the novel concept is naturally studied according to the limit of IVFs on TIME scales as in classical mathematics. A particular class of IDEs on TIME scales is then considered with respect to the diamond-$\alpha$ derivative. Numerical problems are elaborated to illustrate the necessity and efficiency of the latter.

The productivity change of a decision making unit (DMU) between two TIME periods can be evaluated by the Malmquist productivity index. In this study, we propose a method to compute the Malmquist productivity index in several TIME periods (from the first to the last periods) on INTERVAL data in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then, the obtained Malmquist productivity index is compared with Malmquist productivity index between two TIME periods (the first and last TIME periods) on INTERVAL data. The aim of this paper is to investigate the progress and regress of decision making units (DMUs) in several TIME periods by considering all TIME periods between the first and the last one, on INTERVAL data. Consequently when the Malmquist productivity index is computed in several TIME periods, progress and regress of decision making units can be evaluated more carefully than before. What is more, one can judge with greater accuracy whether or not such strategy are favorable and promising. Lastly, a numerical demonstration illustrates the procedure of the proposed method; then some conclusions are reached, and directions for future research are suggested.